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Abstract
Thede Karl’ın, Die muslimische Gemeinschat Rumäniens: der Weg einer Elite zur margınalisierten Minderheit isimli çalışması, Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR) adlı dergide 2005 yılında yayımlanan makalelerden biridir. Bu yazının devamı, adı geçen makalenin doğrudan tercümesidir. Karl, bu çalışmasında günümüz Romanya Dobruca topraklarında Türk-Müslüman yerleşimin kronolojisinden ve 17. / 18. yüzyılında Dobruca bölgesinde İslam kültürünün nasıl parlak bir dönem yaşadığını belirtmektedir. 1878 yılında Berlin Antlaşması ile birlikte Dobruca bölgesinde Romanya Devletinin kurulması mevcut durumların her yönü ile hızlı bir şekilde değiştirdiğini ve çoğunlukta olanların nasıl azınlığa düştüklerini ve İslam eserlerinin de aynı oranla zarar gördüğünü yazmaktadır. 1980 yılında azınlıkta olanlara belli haklar tanınsa da asıl rahatlama günümüz Modern Romanya Devletinin kurulması ile başladığını vurgulamaktadır.
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Abstract
The history of Muslims settling on the territory of present-day Romania can be traced back to the 13 th century. Greater waves of Turcoman and Tatar immigration formed regions where Muslim culture dominated in the course of the following centuries. The colonisation policy of the Ottoman Sultans from the 14 th to 16 th centuries constantly increased the number of Muslims since they were augmented from the north of the Black Sea and the south (Asia Minor). The immigration of Volga Tatars and Crimean Tatars into Dobruja followed in the 17 th and 18 th century. Numerous cultural monuments and buildings were constructed in the heyday of Islamic culture (mosques, caravan st ops, Koran schools and graves). The Muslims also dominated major portions of the trade and held high o ffices in the administration. However, this situation changed abruptly when Romania became independent after the Russian-Romanian-Ottoman War and the major portion of Dobruja fell to Romania with the Berlin Treaty of 1878. The young state began to colonise Romanian population. This resulted in waves of Muslims emigrating to South Dobruja and Turkey. The deterioration of their economic conditions motivated more Tatars and Turks to emigrate and a number of villages were completely desolated while Muslim institutions closed down and buildings fell to ruin. The emigration of Muslims from Romania also continued on into the 20 th century. The Communist period was characterized by repression against Muslims, although there was a certain loosening in the 80's. The present-day Muslim community of Romania continues to be concentrated on south-east Romania where we can distinguish Tatars, Turks and Muslim Roma while there are even small Albanian and Arabic communities in the cities. If we take a look at the chronological history of the Muslims in Romania, what we notice is the breathtaking fall from an elite leadership class to an increasingly marginalised minority since the Romanian state was founded in Dobruja. One of the reasons we can give for the totally peaceful interethnic coexistence between Muslims and Christians is the fact that their numbers are completely insignificant, but also by the opportunities they have for practicing their culture and religion given Muslims in the modern Romanian state (muftiates, Muslim lyceum, culture associations and Muslim MPs).